IMPandWWIreview1

**PERIOD 1**
===Hey young historians - give this wiki review thing a whirl! Remember that only one person can edit at a time, so check to see if someone else is editing (it should pop up on your screen). Let's see if this helps!===

=**American Imperialism**=
 * What is imperialism?**
 * The foreign policy of a nation extending its control over the political and economic life of other areas around the world.**

Competition with European Nations- most of Europe was expanding so the US had to so they could keep up with them and become a recognizable force. Economic Interests- cheaper raw materials, and offshore markets to trade in. Military Interests- establish a military presence overseas with a navy and form refueling stations on the new colonies. Belief in Cultural Superiority- Americans believed they were better than everyone else and they wanted to spread democracy and christianity.
 * What were the main causes of American imperialism the late 1800s?**


 * What were the causes and effects of the Spanish American War?**
 * __The Cause__**
 * Yellow Journalism**- sensationalist papers in New York, led by Hearst and Pulitzer spread news, not always accurate, to get people to read papers- nothing sells better than war.
 * The de Lome Letter-** Spain's minister in Washington- wrote a letter criticizing McKinley
 * The Sinking of the USS Maine-** American Ship in a Spanish harbor blew up in the middle of the night, still dont know what happened
 * Jingoism-** combination of extreme patriotism and the desire to push for war


 * __The Impact__**
 * Over 5,000 casualties, and cost of $250 million
 * gain a ton of territory: Puerto Rico, Phillipines and Guam and Wake Island
 * Cuban Independence
 * Platt Amendement- cuba becomes an American Protectoral of US and Us gains naval base at Guantanamo Bay
 * America recognized as global power
 * US more involved in Asia and Latin America
 * US nationalism increases
 * US become 2 ocean nation
 * American opposition or anti-imperialism develops

Spanish American war **wasn't** for conquest Philippines shoukd be "free and independent" Imperialism was expensive Ignoring problems at home no such thing as "the white mans burden" too hard to hold and govern the colonies undemocratic worries about world opinion- US is looking like a bully
 * Why did people begin to oppose imperialism after the war?**


 * __In general, what happened in each of the following situations:__**


 * Hawaii -** American Missionaries, pearl harbor, annexation, overthrow the queen,
 * The Philippines**- gained from war, aguanaldo wants independence, blody revolution, lots of opposition
 * Panama**- roosevelt wants canal, starts revolution against colombia, US gets strip of land and becomes dominant force in controling trade between Atlantic and Pacific
 * China and the Open Door Policy-** Spheres of influence in China, European nations have cut up China and US wants in, US wants to open door in China didnt ask China, China didnt like it, Boxer Rebellion, Boxers thought they were immune to bulleys, wrong they lose, China is opened up to trade
 * The Roosevelt Corollary**- speak softly and carry a big stick, us gets involved in Latin America if unstable
 * Dollar Diplomacy-** Taft, involved in Latin America if American financial interest
 * Moral Diplomacy**- get involved if American morals were not being honored
 * Pancho Villa**- never got him, recking havoc all over Mexico

=The Origins of WWI= Militarism- countries want to expand their militaries. Alliances- countries form mutual treaties of assistance to support each other during attacks. Imperialism- countries are gaining colonies and there are disputes over land. Nationalism- people feel a sense of pride in their country.
 * What were the 4 MAIN long term causes of World War I?**

Franz Ferdinand, the archduke of Austria- Hungary and successor to the throne was assassinated by a young Bosnian Serb by the name of Princip while he was inspecting his troops. After this the allies kicked in and then almost all of Europe was involved.
 * What was the short term cause (6/28/14), and how did it lead to global war?**

Allies and Central Powers
 * What were the two sides of the conflict?**

Allies, more trade with them, historic ties
 * At the start, who did the US tend to support, and why?**

=America enters WWI= War in Europe, isolated country, a lot of people felt no reason to go to war
 * Why did the U.S. and Wilson stay neutral at the beginning of the war?**

unrestricted submarine warfare, violation of neutral rights, zimmerman telegram
 * What events and ideas led the United States into the war?**

make world safe for democracy, german empire's fault, they did it, waging war against humanity
 * Why did Wilson eventually ask Congress to join the Allies in Europe?**

"make world safe for democracy"
 * What did he say in his war message?**

=The Home Front=
 * How did the U.S. government mobilize America in the areas of labor, finance, production, and public support?**


 * How did the strength of the U.S. government grow during the war?**


 * How were civil liberties limited during the war?**

women did everything except for fight, took over men's jobs, active in war movement, pushed for selling of liberty bonds, public saw wider range of womens abilities "Great Migration", huge movement of AA from South to North, pushed out of south, facing prejudice, lynching, so moved to north, economic oppurtunity, not equal economic oppurtunity, also faced prejudices, still a lot of discrimination, first time Northern cities will have Urban AA centers pacivists, oppposed draft, violation of freedoms, rich man's war poor man's fight
 * What role did women play in the war effort?**
 * How did the war affect African Americans?**
 * Why did some American oppose involvement into the war?**

=America in WWI= American Expeditionary Force- fighting force in WWI AEF fought as independent unit, not under command of British or French, diverse group, Draft, women played important role, trainig wasnt great, called doughboys, US gets "over there" using convoys,
 * What was the AEF?**

when over there, going to be fighting in the western front of france (?)
 * Why were trenches built in the Western Front?**

> -cannons > greates killer > -600 bullets per minute > -have to be close > -person carrying easily kiled > -can stop tanks > -blimps > -used for reconnaissance > - full of hydrogen > -bombing > -dog fights > -huge, heavy, slow, death trap, can be stopped with flame throwers > -mustard, and chlorine
 * What was modern about World War I?**
 * Artillery
 * Machine guns
 * Flame Throwers
 * Zeppelins
 * Airplanes
 * Tanks
 * Poisonous gasses in shells

AEF fought in 3 major campaigns, went on offensive 3 times, casualties, helped turn tide of war towards allies, navy was impotant, transpoted food and supplies, AEf imp. because america was there it made a difference in Germany's decision to surrender.
 * What impact did the U.S. have "Over There"?**

=Peace at Versailles= 6-13. specific boundary changes in Europe 14. called for creation of an international organization-the **League of Nations**.
 * What was/were Wilson's Fourteen Points?**
 * 1) no more secret alliances
 * 2) freedom of the seas
 * 3) tarriffs and trade barriers should be lowered or abolishes
 * 4) arms reduces
 * 5) colonial policy should consider intersts of colonial people

Vittorio Orlando- wanted control of some Austrian territory David Lloyd George- "Make Germany Pay!" (but cautious) Georges Clemenceau- had lives through two German invasions of France, didn't want it to happen again Woodrow Wilson- wanted war to be over B R A T B= blame R= reperations A= Army Stripped T= territory lost some believed it was too harsh some american opposed the League of Nations others considered it a sell out to imperialism some ethnic groups opposed the new boundaries
 * What were the goals for the "Big Four" in the peace process?**
 * What were the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles?**
 * Why did many Americans oppose the Treaty of Versailles?**


 * Why was the Treaty of Versailles and eventual failure?**

A lot of people died
 * What is the legacy of World War I?**

[|Christianity]