wwIIreview3




 * PERIOD 3**

How did dictators come to power in Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union, and Japan in the 1930's?** The end of World War I was hardly resolved properly as the Treaty of Versailles made many errors. One flaw was that the treaty led to the devastation of Germany in terms of reparations it was forced to pay, large amounts of land it lost, including colonies, how its military was reduced to practically nothing, and how it was forced to take blame for the war. Another error was that the Soviet Union was not allowed to take part in the creation of the treaty because it had dropped out early in WWI, due to a the revolution concerning Bolshevsim, and that it lost a lot of land and ports. Also, the newly established democracies had no aid of tradition and proved not to be successful governments. Besides the Treaty of Versailles, the League of Nation was a failure because the United States was not part of it, and the league couldn't keep peace around the world. In addition, there was not method for enforcing the disamament of all nations, and Germany and Italy resigned from the league. Finally, and perhaps the most influential factor contributating to the rise of dictators in Europe and Japan, there was a global depression after the end of World War I. Many people were left unemployed and unhappy about "The Great War's" conclusion. In this type of environment it is easy for dictators to rise via making promises to improve the social conditions of the nations. In Hitler's case, not only did he promise to bring Germany back into economic prosperity and establish the third reich that would last 1,000 years, but he was able to place the blame of Germany's losing World War I on the Jewish people. Through propaganda and promises dictators were able to control the support of the people they ruled. Most of these dictators were clever enought to place themselves in decent political positions from which to slowly gain power, like Stalin gaining control after Russia's leader died.
 * ORIGINS OF THE WAR

-Mobilization of Germany 1935, followed by Germany taking the -Axis formation of Germany and Italy -Germany gets land, Anschluss (annexed Austria) and the Sudetenland. -Munich pact, Hitler agrees not to expand if Great Britain and France wil allow him to have the Sudetenland.Churchill said it was "appeasement." -Hitler breaks the Munich Pact by attacking Poland using blitzkrieg, or lightening war, after he signed the Soviet-German Non-Agression Pact. -Britain and France declared war on Germany -Germany breaks its promise with Russia by invading it, (what a shocker!) and the Soviet Union sides with the allies. America's foreign policy in the 1930's was mainly isolationalism. This means that many American wanted the U.S to stay out of the war in Europe. The **MAIN** reasons for this are that many Americans had terrible **M**emories from the last world war, where the U.S. lost many young men and gained nothing, that the current foreign war was just **A**nother rich man's war and poor man's fight, that **I**solationist ideas were spread through popular culture and that the World War II did **N**ot have to do with the America's concerns because it was already facing the problems of the Great Depression.
 * What events led to the beginning of World War II in Europe?**
 * What was America's foreign policy in the 1930s? Why did they have this policy? How did it gradually change as the war developed in Europe?**

Japan wanted to expand, but the United States froze all their bank assets and cut off Japan's resources.
 * Why were the relations between United States and Japan strained in the 1930s?**
 * The US wanted to stop Japanese aggression, so they put economic sanctions on Japan. Japan got mad and they didn’t like the idea of the US being a pacific power and they attacked Pearl Harbor.**


 * What happened at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941?**
 * Japanese bombers surprised the US and killed thousands of sailors. A few battleships were destroyed and lots of aircraft was destroyed.**
 * Why did it happen?**
 * Japan wanted to expand their empire, and to do that they needed to be the sole power of the Pacific. The US was a threat to the Japanese expansion.**
 * Was it a success?**
 * Yes, it was a complete surprise and the Japanese crippled US pacific fleet, but on the other hand many US aircraft carriers were at sea and the US was able to repair some of the boats. However, it was not a complete successs. The oil depots were not hit, and major naval officers were on shore because it was a Sunday morning.**
 * What was the impact of the event?**
 * FDR asks congress to declare war, and the Americans unites under the rallying cry of "Remember Pearl Harbor." It was like another "Remember the Alamo" or "Remember the Maine..." One could argue the Japanese internment camps were a result of Pearl Harbor.**


 * THE HOME FRONT**


 * What role did men, women, and children play on the home front? How were the lives of Americans affected by the war?

Role they played**


 * MEN**
 * Air Wardens
 * Factories
 * Red Cross
 * War bonds
 * WOMEN**
 * Point rationing
 * Balancing coupons
 * Victory Gardens
 * Factories
 * Nurses
 * CHILDREN**
 * Collected Cans
 * Collected Fats
 * Air raid drills
 * Played with war toys
 * Drafts
 * Read Patriotic Comics
 * Read Patriotic Comics


 * How it affected them**


 * Men**
 * Many were drafted
 * Ration


 * Women**
 * Had to run the house without husbands
 * Ration
 * Had to work hours on top of other things.


 * Children**
 * Ration
 * School time changes
 * older teens could be drafted


 * How did the government gain more control of society during the war?**
 * Economy-Got involved with the WPB and the OPA.
 * Propaganda
 * Advertising
 * Office of War
 * War Production Board
 * Office of Price Administration
 * War Labor Board


 * What happened to Japanese Americans during the war?**
 * They were rounded up along the west coast, and sent to internment camps camps in different states.**
 * Why?**
 * They were afraid of espionage, but they also claimed it was for their protection.**
 * Should it have happened?**
 * Not really, most of them were innocent people.**


 * THE US TROOPS**

· **African Americans-More than a million black men and women served in the armed forces by the end of the war. Soldiers were still in segregated units.** · **Hispanic Americans-At least a half million Mexican Americans joined the armed forces.** · **Asian Americans-13,000 Chinese Americans and 33,000 Japanese Americans were in the armed forces.** · **Native Americans-25,000 enlisted in the armed services, and their language could be used as a code.**
 * What was the makeup of the America fighting forces?**
 * Mostly white
 * Navajo Indians aka "Code Talkers"
 * African Americans
 * Mexican Americans
 * Japanese Americans, the 442nd was the highest decorated regiment
 * What about women, African Americans, Japanese Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans?**


 * THE WAR**


 * What were the plans of the Allies once the U.S. entered the war?**
 * Defeat of Germany was number 1 priority
 * They would only accept an unconditional surrender.
 * Postponed a cross-channel invasion.
 * The allies would fight together until the end of the war.


 * You should be able to describe the major events and individuals of the war as well as describe the general flow of the war in Europe and the Pacific.**


 * Use the maps
 * Sweden, Switzerland, Ireland, Turkey, Spain, and Portugal were neutral countries during the second world war.


 * What was the American response to the Holocaust?**
 * Released all the prisoners
 * Put many German Leaders on trial, convicted and executed


 * What is the background of the atomic bomb? What are some of the pros and cons of dropping the bomb?**
 * The Manhattan Project was a secret program led by oppenheimer to build the atomic bomb. First tested in Los Alamos, in the middle of a desert.


 * THE IMPACT AND LEGACY**

Both nationally and globally, the war cost an unfathomable amount of lives. Cities were destroyed. The United States became a world power because it had suffered the fewest casualties and had been the first to use the atomic bomb. The United Nations formed as a result of the war, which was actually decided at the Yalta Conference (it has been successful in solving disputes in the past, but also was host to arguments during the Cold War). The United States became more conservative in response to the national government and president gaining a lot of power. The U.S. federal deficit climbed during the war, but a time of economic prosperity came after the war because many Americans had saved up money.,
 * What was the impact of World War II nationally and globally? What is the legacy of the war? How is it remembered?**


 * VOCAB**


 * Totalitarian**- When a group and its leader takes control over all aspects of people's lives through force, with no opposition.

choose their own kind of government, that there would be no more territorial expansion, that there would be free trade,and that their should be a worldwide disarmament. || is slowing down. || they forced them to walk for miles and executed many. ||
 * **Dictator** **- A sole leader with total power.** ||
 * **Anchluss** - Germany annexes Austria. ||
 * **Sudetenland** - Strip of land with a lot of Germans, taken over by Germany. ||
 * **Axis** - Germany and Italy. (eventually Japan joined with the Tripartite Pact before Pearl Harbor) ||
 * **Allies** - US, Soviet Union, France, and Great Britain. ||
 * **Munich Pact** - The munich pact was when Hitler said he wanted just the Sudetenland and then he would not expand his reich any farther. However, shortly after the Munich Pact was made, Hitler broke it by invading Poland via Blitzkrieg. This was the short-term cause of World War II because Britain and France responded by declaring war on Germany. ||
 * **appeasement** - Allies let Germany have the Sudetenland, if they stop their expansion. ||
 * **FDR** - United States President during the majority of the war. ||
 * **Winston Churchill** - Prime Minister of Great Britain who succeeded Neville Chamberlain. ||
 * **Joseph Stalin** - Dictator in the Soviet Union. (Man of Steel) ||
 * **Benito Mussolini** - Dictator in Italy. ||
 * **Battle of Britain** - Germany heavily bombs Britain. It is an aerial battle between the RAF and the Luftwaffe. ||
 * **Pearl Harbor** - Suprise Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, led US to declare war on Japan. ||
 * **Adolf Hitler** - Leader of the Nazi party and took over Germany. ||
 * **Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact** - Soviet Union and Germany agreed not to attack each other. ||
 * **Neutrality Acts** - US can't sell or lend supplies to warring nations, citizens of the U.S. couldn't travel on warring ships, and U.S. ships can not travel into declared war zones. ||
 * **Cash and Carry** - Allowed the sale of arms to nations at war. It implied that America could sell to any nation, but it was meant for the Allies. The country receiving the supplies would have to pay cash and use their own ships to transport the materials. ||
 * **Lend-Lease Act** - US could give arms to nations vital to the defense of the US. ||
 * **"Arsenal of Democracy"** - US was supplying the Allies with war materials throught the Lend-Lease Act, thus helping the Allies defeat Hitler. ||
 * **Atlantic Charter** - Agreement between FDR and Churchill to form United Nations, to ensure that nations could
 * **Neutrality Acts** - US can't sell or lend supplies to warring nations, citizens of the U.S. couldn't travel on warring ships, and U.S. ships can not travel into declared war zones. ||
 * **Cash and Carry** - Allowed the sale of arms to nations at war. It implied that America could sell to any nation, but it was meant for the Allies. The country receiving the supplies would have to pay cash and use their own ships to transport the materials. ||
 * **Lend-Lease Act** - US could give arms to nations vital to the defense of the US. ||
 * **"Arsenal of Democracy"** - US was supplying the Allies with war materials throught the Lend-Lease Act, thus helping the Allies defeat Hitler. ||
 * **Atlantic Charter** - Agreement between FDR and Churchill to form United Nations, to ensure that nations could
 * **Atlantic Charter** - Agreement between FDR and Churchill to form United Nations, to ensure that nations could
 * **War Labor Board- The war labor board was in charge of preventing strikes, created minimum wages and minimum work hours.** ||
 * **Office of Price Administration** - In charge of setting prices and also in charge of rationing. ||
 * **War Production Board** - Guided factories in the production of ships, aircraft, and other materials. ||
 * **liberty bonds** - loans that helped out the war effort, eventually paid back. ||
 * **civil defense** - blackouts and other methods of keeping U.S.civilians safe from another attack, especially by the Japanese. ||
 * **rationing** - Families supported the soldiers on the homefront by conserving food and other everyday items like rubber, gasoline scrap metals. ||
 * **internment camps** - Camps where Japanese Americans were sent because the US was afraid of Espionage. They were also said to protect the Japanese from people who discriminated against them due to Pearl Harbor. The argument against that is: Why were the gaurds pointing their rifles towards the camp, and why was the barbed-wire pointed inwards. ||
 * **Battle of the Atlantic** - German U - Boats attack ships, Allies us depth charges to take out subs. ||
 * **Stalingrad** - Turning point in the East, huge civilian casualties. cold and starvation beat the Germans. Hitler made the mistake to stake it out during the harsh Soviet winter. ||
 * **Operation Torch / North Africa Campaign** - America attacked from the west and Britain attack from the east. Erwin Rommel, the "Desert Fox," was trapped in Tunisia. Patton was undefeated. ||
 * **Italian Campaign** - Allies move up Italy after conquering North Africa, (Anzio) in attempt to move into Europe and take back France. ||
 * **Dwight D. Eisenhower**- Commander of allied forces in Europe. ||
 * **Operation Overlord / D-Day** - June 6, 1944, US storms the shore. Bombers, paratrooper, and destroyers. ||
 * **Normandy** - Location of D-Day, largest land-air-sea operation. AKA operation overlord. There was an entire decoy invasion planned to avert the German defense reinforcements. Softened up the coastline with bombing. ||
 * **Liberation of Paris** - Allies capture Paris, Patton said he spat in the Seine. ||
 * **George Patton** - Helped drive German forces out of North Africa and Italy. Colorful vocab. Undefeated, known for artillery. "Dear Ike, I have spat in the Seine." He died in a car crash. ||
 * **Battle of the Bulge**- Battle in the Ardenne forest that put a "bulge" in the American line. German War Machine
 * **Liberation of Paris** - Allies capture Paris, Patton said he spat in the Seine. ||
 * **George Patton** - Helped drive German forces out of North Africa and Italy. Colorful vocab. Undefeated, known for artillery. "Dear Ike, I have spat in the Seine." He died in a car crash. ||
 * **Battle of the Bulge**- Battle in the Ardenne forest that put a "bulge" in the American line. German War Machine
 * **Battle of the Bulge**- Battle in the Ardenne forest that put a "bulge" in the American line. German War Machine
 * **Yalta Conference**- FDR, Churchill, and Stalin discuss the future of Europe, establish peace keeping organization. ||
 * **Douglas MacArthur** -US commander in the Phillipines, personally ordered to retreat, leaving thousands of American and Filipino troops behind, (they would later embark on the Bataan Death March). "I shall return." ||
 * **Bataan Death March** - Ruthless torture that Japanese forced american soldiers to go through, where
 * **Bataan Death March** - Ruthless torture that Japanese forced american soldiers to go through, where
 * **Doolittle Raid** - First real attack on Japan, air raid that hurt Japan moraleddd and boosted America's. ||
 * **Midway** - Turning point in the Pacific, US won even though they were outnumbered. Sent Japan on the defensive. ||
 * **island hopping** - US strategy used to take over Japanese territory, in which the United States would take the smaller, weakly defended islands, and use them to establish air strips and small naval bases. ||
 * **kamikaze** - Japanese bombers that sacrificed their life by flying into ships with their explosive- loaded airplanes (the divine wind). ||  ||   ||
 * **The Manhattan Project** - Secret project used to produce the atomic bomb. ||
 * **Potsdam Declaration** - The warning to Japan if they didn't surrender they would drop bombs. ||
 * **Harry S Truman** - U.S. President who succeeded FDR when he died. He decided to drop the atomic bombs ||
 * **Hiroshima** - First atomic bomb dropped, 70,000 killed, Dropped on August 6, 1945, one day before the USSR intended on helping the U.S. fight in the Pacific. ||
 * **Nagasaki** - Second atomic bomb dropped, 40,000 killed. Dropped on August 9, 1945, allowing Japan only three days to respond to the bomb. Led to Japanese surrender on August 15, 1945 V-J day. ||
 * **United Nations** - Peace keeping organization formed after the war, conceived in the Atlantic Charter and at the Yalta Conference. ||
 * **Nagasaki** - Second atomic bomb dropped, 40,000 killed. Dropped on August 9, 1945, allowing Japan only three days to respond to the bomb. Led to Japanese surrender on August 15, 1945 V-J day. ||
 * **United Nations** - Peace keeping organization formed after the war, conceived in the Atlantic Charter and at the Yalta Conference. ||
 * **United Nations** - Peace keeping organization formed after the war, conceived in the Atlantic Charter and at the Yalta Conference. ||