wwIIreview2




 * PERIOD 2 is cool** **and AMERICAN HISTORY RULES**!!!

How did dictators come to power in Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union, and Japan in the 1930?** The Treaty of Versailles: -It was a harsh punishment for Germany -Led to German resentment -Soviet Union lost important land, including ports -Soviet Union lost land and Italy believed they didn't recieve enough -everybody was not prepared for a democracy -No help was given for rebuilding The League of Nations: -The group was a failure without the US -The United States was not a member even though it was their idea -Peace was lost -rules weren't forced about arms -Germany and Italy leave the League of Nations Global Depression: -numerous amounts of unemployed people -many poverty-stricken people -Allows dictators to easily influence and rise to power Due to these 3 concepts, it was easy for dictators to come into power, the people believed that this would get them out of their misery quickly and easily. The leaders/dictators that came into power were Benito Mussolini of Italy, Adolph Hitler of Germany, Joseph Stalin of the USSR, and military leaders in Japan. -The dictators promised to get the people back on their feet, raise the nationalism, and get back their land that was taken due to the consequences of WWI.
 * ORIGINS OF THE WAR

-The form of the Axis between Germany and Italy- Germany and Italy, two Dictator led countries supporting Fascism, decide to become allies. -Germany conquers land- Germany takes the Rhineland, the Sudetenland, and Austria. -The Munich Pact- Churchill calls it appeasement. -Non-Aggression Pact- USSR and Germany sign the Non-Agression Pact, which worries other countries because two big military powers in Europe have now decided not to attack each other. -The short term cause was the invasion of Poland by Germany using lightning war- Blitzkrieg stressed speed and surprise using tanks, troops, and planes. -Great Britain and France declared war on Germany
 * What events led to the beginning of World War II in Europe?**

- Originally, Americans supported isolationism mainly because of WWI, in which the US didnt gain anything, while suffering a large death toll. Also, America had huge war debts, as well as an economic collapse. The policy of Americans was to deal with the problems at home before dealing with the problems abroad. -Through the Neutrality Laws Americans couldn't ship weapons to countries in war, give loans to countries in war, or travel on ships of those countries in war. -As the war gradually developed in Europe the Neutrality Laws were changed and the Cash and Carry plan went into affect~Through the cash and carry plan countries at war could buy weapons if they paid in cash and transported the goods on non-American ships. Although any country could trade with America, th Cash and Carry plan was meant specifically for the Allied Nations. -Although they didnt join the war yet, the US started building up their military to prepare for a possible entry at a future time. One of the reasons they built up their military was because 18 countries had larger militaries than them at this time, their navy was small, and because Italy had a larger air force. This lead to the first peacetime draft in American History (RULES). -Later FDR's words regarding the Arsenal of Democracy meant that America would be supplying the allies by lending weapons. -Later FDR met with Winston Churchill where they agreed on the Atlantic Charter~this stated the goals of Britain and the US, and an alliance if the US enters (resembled Wilson's 14 points)
 * What was America's foreign policy in the 1930s? Why did they have this policy? How did it gradually change as the war developed in Europe?**

- Japan joined the Axis powers. - Japan was expanding and invading into China and the Pacific. -US wanted Japan to stop, so they cut off their oil and bank assets.
 * Why were the relations between United States and Japan strained in the 1930s?**

-The Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor on December 7,1941. This happened because we were cutting off their oil supply. It also happened because the Japanese were looking to expand and the only country in their way was the U.S and so they decided to try to cripple the U.S fighting ability.The impact of this event was that it led the U.S to get involved in the war both with Japan and Germany. - This was not a success for the Japanese because they hoped that it would scare the US, but all it did was make the US angry at the Japanese and led to the US entering the war. The Japanese also meant to cripple the U.S. Fleet, but some of the US aircraft carries were out at sea. Also, since it was a Sunday, many of the sailors and officers were on shore. They Japanese also failed to destroy US oil tanks which would have delt a huge blow to the US Navy.
 * What happened at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941? Why did it happen? Was it a success? What was the impact of the event?**


 * THE HOME FRONT**

Men: -rationed(food) -bought war bonds -a lot of propaganda by the government to support while fighting -increase of production -War Labor Board -saved waste, fats, and rubber -paid higher taxes -didn't do any unnecessary traveling -wasn't permitted to talk about troop movement Women: -rationed(food) and used ration books -women started baseball leagues -conserved metal, paper, gas, electricity and rubber -couldn't talk about war -lost family members -fashion changes to a more industrial style -had to give up a lot of fashions so that the materials could be used in the war -women took over the jobs -planted victory gardens -bought victory bonds -didn't do any unnecessary spending Children: -collected aluminum, melted fat, string, paper and scrap metal -planted victory gardens -sold war bonds -conserved food and energy -had a lot of comic books, toys and games relating to the war -part of air raid drills -spotted planes -visited wounded soldiers -juvenile crime went up -children were home alone a lot and often called "8 hour orphans" __OVERALL__: Americans had to change how they lived and go without a lot -The government instituted rationing -It helped to spread propoganda -Overall, it had more control -The government also increased in size and the people relied more on the government than before.
 * What role did men, women, and children play on the home front? How were the lives of Americans affected by the war?**
 * How did the government gain more control of society during the war?**

-The Japanese Americans were relocated into camps -The point of this action was to protect the American citizens from further damage because of the Pearl Harbor attack -This was not right because many of these citizens were American citizens and pledged alligence to the country -The argument FOR the encampment, however, was to "protect" the Japanese-Americans
 * What happened to Japanese Americans during the war? Why? Should it have happened?**


 * THE US TROOPS**

- Minorities served, but usually in segregated units, and they rarely saw action, usually performing menial tasks.
 * What was the makeup of the America fighting forces? What about women, African Americans, Japanese Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans?**


 * THE WAR**

-The defeat of Germany is the Allies top priority. -A cross-channel invasion was postponed -Only accept unconditional surrender of the axis powers. -The United Nations would be created. -Eventually decided to try and capture Northwestern Africa in order to invade Europe through Italy. This was called operation torch.
 * What were the plans of the Allies once the U.S. entered the war?**


 * You should be able to describe the major events and individuals of the war as well as describe the general flow of the war in Europe and the Pacific.**

Americans were shocked at the Holocaust. The troops had not freed the prisoners because they thought that the only permanent way to free them was to stop the war. Troops were also not aware of the full extent of what the Germans were doing.
 * What was the American response to the Holocaust?**

The atomic bomb project was a secret program called the Manhattan Project. It was created by FDR and worked on by over 600,000 people. __Pros:__ -Saved lives from a US invasion -Ended the war -Japan started it; revenge and payback -Prevented future use of the bomb -Japan was not close to surrendering; it took **two** bombs to finally make them give up -Hiroshima and Nagasaki were of military importance -Dropping the bomb kept the USSR out of Japan __Cons:__ -Led to the Cold War and the Arms Race -Japan was close to surrenduring; US could have altered the unconditional surrender -Estimates of land invasion casualties were too high -200,000 innocent civilians died -There were alternatives: ~conditional surrender ~a demonstration to scare them ~use fire bombs ~involve USSR ~blockade -Only used to flex US muscles toward the USSR -Only used to justify the cost- 2 billion dollars!
 * What is the background of the atomic bomb? What are some of the pros and cons of dropping the bomb?**


 * THE IMPACT AND LEGACY**

__Nationally__: -There were more jobs in the US -The US became a global superpower -Debt was up -Public spending was up -America became more conservative -Civilians were more involved in government and the power of the President increased -The military and large businesses joined forces -Minorities like blacks, Mexican Americans and Japanese Amercicans struggled during and after __Globally__: -The Allies were shocked at the horrors of the Holocaust -Trials were held for Nazis and Japanese that often ended in execution -The United Nations was formed to try to resolve disputes before they became ugly -The USSR was becoming more powerful
 * What was the impact of World War II nationally and globally? What is the legacy of the war? How is it remembered?**